Compile kernel as a normal user
I just heard this trick from my friend, rae . It is quite easy: make a dir, cd into it cp /boot/config .config (suppose you use "make install" to install kernel, :-D) make -C /usr/src/linux O=$PWD oldconfig , (and optionally make menuconfig to tweak a little bit) make && sudo make modules_install && sudo make install The trick is on step 3, ;) PS: However, there is a problem with this approach. My original intention is to avoid touching the sources in /usr/src/linux and running as root. But in fact, before you emerge kernel modules such as x11-drm, you still have to run 'make modules_prepare' in /usr/src/linux as root. Even I have used this command: sudo env KBUILD_OUTPUT=/home/zhangle/build emerge x11-drm What's worse, the hints given in the output of the above command can't solve the problem: * Found kernel source directory: * /usr/src/linux * Found kernel object directory: * /home/zhangle/build * Found sources for kernel version: *