HOWTO Compile Kernel

HOWTO Compile Kernel

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目录

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安装内核源代码

代码： 安装内核源代码 
$ USE=symlink emerge gentoo-sources

使用symlink的目的是建立符号连接/usr/src/linux，以指向安装好的内核源代码目录。

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配置

配置内核对于新手来说是一个噩梦。不过事实上，配置过程要远比一般人想象的容易。只是有些技巧了解的人不多。

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配置命令介绍

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make menuconfig

配置内核的命令很多，不过make menuconfig应该是最通用的。它的运行几乎不限环境，远程登录也可以用它配置，所以我们重点介绍。 用法：

  • 方向键选择菜单项／按钮
  • 回车进入子菜单
  • 按高亮字母直接选择相应菜单项
  • Y键包含，N键排除，M键配置成模块
  • 退出，?键查看当前菜单项帮助信息，/键搜索
  • 图例：[*] 包含 [ ] 排除 模块 < > 可配置成模块
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make oldconfig

利用已有的.config来生成新的.config。如果遇到新内核新增的选项，会挨个提示你是否启用。建议选择默认，即直接按回车。同时记录下有疑问的选项，以便下面再make menuconfig手工配置。

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第一次配置

代码： 第一次配置 
$ cd /usr/src/linux
$ make defconfig
$ make menuconfig

make defconfig的作用生成一个缺省的配置文件。这个配置文件里各内核组件基本完整，只需修改硬件和文件系统即可。这步不是交互式的。 make menuconfig这一步就是要修改硬件和文件配置。需要关注的主要有这么几个部分，分别是

  • IDE驱动（默认是CONFIG_BLK_DEV_VIA82CXXX）
  • 网卡（CONFIG_E100）
  • AGP（CONFIG_AGP_VIA）
  • DRM（CONFIG_DRM_RADEON，建议不要启用，使用portage里的x11-drm）
  • Framebuffer（CONFIG_FB_RADEON）
  • 声卡（CONFIG_SND_VIA82XX）
  • 文件系统（只有CONFIG_EXT2_FS／CONFIG_[V]FAT_FS，ext3/reiserfs/xfs/jfs均未设置）
  • NLS CODEPAGE（需手工增加CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_936）

以上括号里是默认配置情况。虽然不知道这是谁的配置，不过可以看出这个人的主板是VIA的，显卡是ATI Radeon，只用ext2/fat32文件系统，且不是中文用户。

注意： 善用make menuconfig的搜索功能。如果你因为需要使用内核的其他功能，请参阅相关的官方文档或wiki来配置内核。
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升级时配置

代码： 升级时配置 
$ cd /usr/src/linux
$ cp /boot/config .config
$ make oldconfig
$ make menuconfig[可选]
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编译和安装

代码： 编译和安装 
$ make
$ make modules_install
$ make install

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